Whether you are writing to a friend, a colleague, or an organization, being able to put together an email or letter in Welsh is a useful skill.
It is important to keep in mind whether you are writing to somebody using the formal version of ‘you’ (“chi”) or the informal (“ti”). This depends on a few factors, such as your relationship and status difference, but generally unless you’re writing to a close friend it is safer to stick to the formal.
You may have noticed that written Welsh is quite different from spoken Welsh, the latter being full of abbreviations and shortened forms (for example “Yr ydw i” becomes “dwi”).
When writing, especially in a formal situation, it is more appropriate to stick to ‘literary’ Welsh, although a message to a friend might include direct transcriptions of spoken Welsh.
How do you start an email or a letter in Welsh?
Whether addressing someone formally or informally, the beginning “Annwyl…” is the most commonly used way to address somebody. Just as in English, this means “dear” and would be used before the person’s name, e.g. “Annwyl Dafydd” or “Annwyl Mr Jones”.
If you don’t know the addressee, you can use the classic “Annwyl Syr” or “Annwyl Fadam”, or “Annwyl Syr/Fadam” if you don’t know who you are addressing it to. Welsh speakers do not usually use an equivalent of “to whom it may concern”.
If you are already in correspondence with somebody, it is acceptable to open with “bore da” (good morning) or “prynhawn da” (good afternoon).
In a less formal situation, you can open with a “helô” (hello), or even less formally, a “haia” (hi).
Welsh formal email / letter openings
Some useful phrases you might like to use when starting a formal email in Welsh include:
- Ysgrifennaf atoch i….
(“I am writing to you to…” here you would use a verb and express the reason for writing) - Rwyf yn ysgrifennu atoch ynglun â…
(“I am writing to you in relation to…” this is a variation on the first point but would be followed by the subject you wish to discuss, usually a noun phrase) - Rwy’n cysylltu â chi er mwyn…
(I am connecting with you so as to…) - Diolch am eich ateb cyflym
(Thank you for your quick reply)
Welsh informal email / letter openings
If writing an informal email or letter, it is more likely that you are connecting with a friend or close acquaintance. Here are some things you might want to start with:
- Sut wyt ti? / Shwmai?
(How are you?) - Gobeithio bod popeth yn iawn!
(“Hoping that everything is OK!” – Note: “iawn” in Welsh means “OK/fine” on its own, but when it comes after an adjective it means “very”, e.g. “da iawn” means “very good”) - Dwi’n ‘sgwennu ata ti i…
(“I’m writing to you to…” similar to the formal phrases, note how we use spoken Welsh here. “Sgwennu” is a common North Wales adaptation of “ysgrifennu”, but you can use the latter if it feels more comfortable)
How to end an email or letter in Welsh
There are many ways to sign off a letter or email in Welsh, depending on the level of warmth and familiarity you are going for. If you want to add a PS, you use “O.N.”, although “N.B.” (“nodyn bach” – a small note) is also sometimes used informally.
How do you end a formal email or letter in Welsh?
The most formal ways to end a letter are to use:
- Yr eiddoch yn gywir
(Yours sincerely) - Yr eiddoch yn ffyddlon
(Yours faithfully)
As in English, the general rule is to use sincerely when you know the name of the person you are writing to, and faithfully when you don’t. You can also remove the “yr eiddoch” and just use “yn gywir” or “yn ffyddlon”.
You can also use “Gyda phob dymuniad da” (With all best wishes). It is also acceptable to use “cofion cynnes” (warm wishes) or “cofion gorau” (best wishes) in some situations, generally if it would feel appropriate to use it in English, then you can probably use it in a Welsh letter or email.
How do you end a casual email / letter in Welsh?
If you are writing to a friend using informal Welsh, here are some ways you can sign off:
- Hwyl!
(Literally: sail! This is commonly used as a way to say goodbye) - Wela i ti cyn bo hir
(I’ll see you soon) - Am y tro
(For now – in other words, until next time) - Cofion gorau
(Best wishes) - Ta ta tan toc!
(More used in South Wales – a very casual way to say “bye for now!”)
You can also end with “cofion cynnes” as in a formal letter or email. If you are writing to somebody very close, you might want to sign off with “Cariad (mawr)” – literally “(big) love”, the equivalent of “lots of love!”.
In any situation, you would follow the sign-off with your name, as in English.
Other useful Welsh email phrases
Here are some other useful phrases to use. We’ll start with formal:
- Yn dilyn fy neges flaenorol
(Further to my previous message) - Diolch am eich neges (dyddiedig 20 Mai)
(Thank you for your message (from May 20th)) - Gan gyfeirio at eich llythyr/e-bost
(In reference to your letter/email) - Mae croeso i chi gysylltu â mi
(You are welcome to contact me) - Edrychaf ymlaen at glywed gennych
(I look forward to hearing from you) - Os gwelwch yn dda, rhowch wybod i mi mor fuan â phosib
(Let me know as soon as possible – ‘rhowch wybod i mi’ more literally means ‘give me information’) - Rwyf allan o’r swyddfa ar hyn o bryd
(I’m out of the office at this moment) - Gweler y ddogfen ynghlwm
(See the document attached) - Rwyf wedi atodi…
(I have attached…) - Mae’n ddrwg gen i
(I’m sorry)
If you are writing to a friend, you might find some of these phrases helpful:
- Diolch am dy neges
(Thank you for your message – this time using “ti”) - Wnei di byth gredu…
(You’ll never believe…!) - Be ti wedi bod yn neud?
(What have you been doing?) - Dwi isio gofyn i ti… / Fi moyn gofyn i ti
(I want to ask you – North Wales / South Wales) - Edrych ymlaen i glywed gen ti
(Looking forward to hearing from you!)
A note on North vs South Welsh: if you have been learning Welsh, you may have noticed that materials are often offered in “North” or “South” varieties. There are many differences in terms of word choice and grammar that can be confusing – even for native speakers!
You may choose which dialect to use based on your connections to Wales, availability of learning materials, or just because you prefer the sound of one over the other. Most examples in this article lean towards the Northern dialect, as the concentration of Welsh speakers is highest in North West Wales.
The difference between North and South is far more pronounced in spoken Welsh; when writing formally, many of the differences almost disappear or are much harder to notice.
Specific types of Welsh letters
How to write a postcard in Welsh
For those of you who like to keep old, romantic traditions alive, sending a postcard while you’re on holiday can be a nice way to connect with friends and family. To start, you might like to say “Dwi’n ysgrifennu ata ti o…”, meaning “I’m writing to you from…”.
When we use “o” (from) in Welsh, the word following it adopts the soft mutation, for example “o Gymru” (from Wales) or “o Loegr” (from England).
Here are other some phrases you might like to use, which are kept informal:
- Dwi’n aros mewn gwesty hyfryd
(I am staying in a lovely hotel) - Mae’r tywydd yn braf
(The weather is lovely) - Mae hi’n bwrw hen wragedd a ffyn
(It’s raining cats and dogs. More literally, this idiom means ‘It’s raining old women with sticks’). - Ddoe, gwelais i / bwytais i…
(Yesterday, I saw / I ate..) - Mae hi braidd yn ddiflas yma
(It’s a bit boring here) - Mae yna llawer o bethau i’w gwneud
(There are many things to do) - Gwelai chdi cyn bo hir!
(See you soon!)
How to write a birthday card in Welsh
The most useful phrase to know, of course, is “Penblwydd Hapus!” – happy birthday. Some common phrases seen in Welsh birthday cards are:
- <Age> heddiw!
(<Age> today!) - Llongyfarchiadau ar droi’n <age>
(Congratulations on turning <age>!) - Gobeithio gewch chi / gei di ddiwrnod bendigedig
(I hope you <formal/informal> will have a wonderful day) - Dymuniadau gorau ar eich penblwydd / dy benblwydd
(Best wishes on your <formal/informal> birthday!) - Mae’r anrheg ar ei ffordd
(The present is on its way)
You can start your card with “i” (“to”) followed by the person’s name rather than using “annwyl”, and it is also common to sign off with “oddiwrth” (from) and your name, although “gan” is a slightly less formal option.
If you are close, or just feeling particularly friendly, you could also sign off with “Cariad mawr” (lots of love) or “Swsus” (kisses).
How to write a thank you card in Welsh
The most useful phrase you’ll need is « diolch » or « diolch yn fawr ». These are simply “thank you” and “thank you very much”. To specify what you are grateful for, use the word « am » to connect to a noun or verb. For example:
- Diolch am wylio’r ci
(Thank you for watching the dog) - Diolch am fod yn ffrind da
(Thank you for being a good friend) - Diolch am yr anrheg
(Thank you for the present)
These phrases can be used formally or informally; the only difference is in the use of the word for “your” – « eich » formally and « dy » informally.
For example: « Diolch am eich amser » vs. « Diolch am dy amser » (thank you for your time).
What do you write in a Welsh wedding card?
Some useful phrases to use in a Welsh wedding card include:
- Llongyfarchiadau!
(Congratulations) - Dymuniadau gorau
(Best wishes) - Ar ddiwrnod eich priodas
(On your wedding day) - Oddiwrth
(“From” – this is a more typical way to sign off a card)
Welsh email/letter example
Here is an example of a formal email in Welsh that you might find helpful as a template, and which includes a few more phrases.
Annwyl Syr neu Fadam,Rwy’n ysgrifennu atoch chi er mwyn gadael i chi wybod bod larwm tân eich siop yn tueddu i fynd i ffwrdd yng nganol y nos pan rwyf yn ceisio cysgu.Yn anffodus, mae hyn wedi bod yn digwydd ers sawl mis erbyn hyn. Rwyf wedi atodi ffeil sain er mwyn i chi gael clywed dros eich hunain. Byddaf yn ddiolchgar iawn pe baech yn fy ateb mor gyflym a phosib er mwyn i ni gael gwneud rhywbeth ynglun â hyn. Yr eiddoch yn ffyddlon,Glenys Jones Translation:
Dear Sir or Madam,I am writing to you to let you know that the fire alarm of your shop tends to go off in the middle of the night when I am trying to sleep.Unfortunately, this has been happening for several months now. I have attached a sound file so that you can hear for yourselves.I would be very grateful if you could respond to me as soon as possible so that we can do something about this.
Yours faithfully,Glenys Jones.
Conclusion
Overall, there are many things to consider when you are writing in Welsh – whether you should use the North or South Wales dialect, “chi” or “ti”, and whether you should adopt the more literary way of writing or a more casual, spoken tone.
Generally, this depends on a number of factors, such as who you are writing to and why. Once this is clear in your mind, you should have little trouble putting together a card, letter, or email in Welsh. The phrases above will hopefully steer you in the right direction.
“Pob lwc” – best of luck!
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